The Relationship between Coal Consumption, Income Level and CO2 Emissions in Turkey

Özet

As an energy source, coal has had an important place throughout the history of the development of societies. On the other hand, the environmental problems that arise from the fact that the coal is a fossil fuel have made coal-based energy politics controversial. This study examines the relationship between coal consumption, income level and CO₂ emissions in Turkey for the period of 1965-2016. The findings of the time series analysis support the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and conservation hypothesis in the long term in Turkey for the mentioned period.